Determining the effectiveness of using experimental methods of technical and tactical training at the stage of specialized basic training of football players

Abstract

Background and purpose of the study: Tactical models of team play in football are a set of parameters that determine the achievement of a certain level of sportsmanship and predicted results. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of experimental methods of technical and tactical training of football players at the stage of specialized basic training.

Materials and methods: The study involved 30 16-year-old football players from the football academy of the Metalist-1925 club in Kharkiv, who were divided into two groups, control and experimental, based on equal indicators of technical and tactical preparedness. Each group had the same number of training classes of 5 in a weekly microcycle. The content of the training process of the experimental group included tactical models of team play, which were supposed to contribute to improving the quality of game activity indicators: passing the ball (forward, backward, across), receiving the ball, circling the opponent, as well as reducing errors in their execution. In the training process of the control group, tactical models of team play were not used, instead, exercises of a technical and tactical orientation provided for by the football curriculum recommended by the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine were used. Players in the control and experimental groups participated in control matches during the 8-month experiment, on the basis of which the dynamics of changes in gaming performance indicators were determined.

Results: In the experimental group, the dynamics of the number of ball passes (forward, backward, across) performed in control matches significantly improved compared to the baseline data obtained after 4 (p<0.05) and 8 months of training (p<0.01). Also, the quality of ball reception indicators significantly increased after 4 (p<0.05) and 8 months of training (p<0.01). Thus, the results of the study indicate that experimental "tactical models" have a positive effect on the quality of players' tactical actions within the team game scheme. The model of "rational tactical actions" is implemented through players' memorization of algorithms (sequences) of interactions between partners within the team game scheme in accordance with their game role.

Conclusions:

Tactical models of team play can be considered an effective type of small training games for improving the technical and tactical activities of football players:

1) in conditions of an acute time limit;

2) perception of a large number of elements of a game situation, which are structured into a dynamic system in accordance with the forecast of the most probable development of the tactical situation;

3) development of the so-called "panoramic orientation" across the entire field of vision, and one in which a football player logically connects elements of a situation that are not very similar in external features;

4) acceleration of the process of choosing a tactical solution from several options that are quite close to each other, and the ability to make a leap through intermediate and insignificant options;

5) development of the ability to retain in working memory and mental ranking of elements of a tactical problem, changing the plan for its solution directly in the course of a motor action.

Therefore, it is advisable to include experimental tactical models of team play in the training process at the stage of specialized basic training, since they contribute to: development of tactical skills and abilities in players; formation of tactical thinking; contribute to the accurate and correct assessment of competitive situations; adequate selection of means and methods of competitive activity, taking into account the individual characteristics, qualifications, and level of preparation of the opponent and partners.